Railway-car



E. H. GOLD.

RAILWAY CAR AND HEATING AND VENTILATING SYSTEM THEREFOR. APPLICATIONFILED MAB I. I915.

1,303,882. Patented May 20, 1919.

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WITNESSES:

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E. H. GOLD. RAILWAY CAR AND HEATING AND VENTILATING SYSIEM memos.

AFPHCATION FILED MAIL 1915. 1,303,882. Patented May :20, 1919.

3 SHEETS-SWEET 2.

WITNESSES E. H. GOLD. RAILWAY CAR AND HEATING AND venmmms sYsrEMTHEREFOR.

APPLHIAIION FILED MAN. I. l9\5.

Patented May 20; 1919.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3- WITNESSES A TTORNE V61 EGBERT H. GOLD, OF CHICAGO,ILLINOIS.

RAILWAY-CAR AND HEATING AND VENTILATING SYSTEM THEREFOR.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 20, 1919.

Application filed March 1, 1915. Serial No. 11,394.

1 '0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Eonnn'r H. Gotn, a citizen of the United States,re'sidin' at Chicago, in the county of Cook and t tate of Illinois, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Railway-Cars and Heatingand Ventilating Systems Therefor, of which the following is aspecification.

Mv invention relates to the heating and ventilating of railway passengercars, particularly cars of steel construction.

()ne of the objects of the invention is to provide means for preventinthe forniatioi'i of frost on the inner wall sur aces of the car. In carsof steel construction the ceiling plates, that is, the inner sheet metalsheathf ings of the roof of the car, are likely to become covered withfrost in v'er cold weather due to the rapid radiation tirough the metalstructure composing the ro'o which takes place when the car is inmotion, and is, consequently, subjected to strong drafts of cold airover the roof. When the train comes to a stand still the amount ofradiation is very considerably decreased and as a result the frostcollected on the ceiling plates melts and drips upon the passengers. Myinvention prevents this in the manner to be here inafter described.

A further object of the invention is to provide an arrangement of thestructural ele ments of the car and a disposition of the heating andventilating devices therefor whereby a more etiicient and economicaldistribution of the heated air is obtained than has heretoforebeenpossible with the heating and ventilating means heretofore employed. Inthis connection the invention has .for a s ecific object to directconvection currents o heated air from the radiators at the side of thecar into the aisle and thence diagonally upwardly and across the seats,and then through the upper portion of the superstructure of the car tothe ventilators. This method results in a more efficient, economical andequaole heating of the entire car than is possible when, as has beencustomary, the hot air is caused to pass straight up from the aisle tothe ventilators which are ordinarily located along the centerlongitudinal line of the car.

The invention has for further objects such other new and improvedconstructions, arrangements and devices relating to the heatiug andventilation of *ailway passenger cars as will be hereinafter describedand claimed.

The invention is illustrated, in a preferred embodiment, in theaccompanying drawings, wherein p y y Figu're 1 shoX'vs, in sideelevation, the superstructure of an ordinary passenger coach of steelconstruction, part of the side Wall of the car being broken aw. so as tosho'iv one of the radiators eniploye for heatin the" car.

Fig. '2 is an end view of the car with a portion of the end wall brokenaway for similar reasons.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary view taken on line 3-3 of Fig. 1. i

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary sectional plan on line of Fig: 3.

Fig. 5 is a sectional view on line 5--5 of Fig. 3, certain parts beingbioken awa for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the structuressought to be shown, and

Fig. 6 is a plan section, on' an el'ilargcd scale, taken on line G'6 ofFig. 3.

Like characters of reference designate like p'arts in the severalfigures of the drawings.

The drawings show a steel passenger car which is, generally speaking, ofa familiar construction except so far as modification in certainrespects is required for the purposes of my invention. It will beunderstood that. the invention is not limited to this particular type ofsteel passenger car. As is usual in steel passenger cars, the sidewallsare made up of outer sheathing plates 10, inner sheathing )lates 11 andupright frame members 12. he lower deck is similarly constructed ofouter sheathing plates 13, inner or ceiling plates 14' and carlines 15.The upper deck consists of sheet metal roof plates 16, inner sheathingor ceiling plates 17 and carlin'es 18. The clear-story wall between theclear-story windows 19 is made up of outer plates 20, inner plates 21and side plates 22, these structures being preferably braced b thebracing elements 23. The car roof is shown as provided with a series ofventilators 24 arranged along the central longitudinal line of the roof.The side walls have the usual windows 25.

Ordinarily the upper deck of the car is pierced with openings under theventilators so that the air is discharged directly from the interior ofthe car through the ventilators. My invention contemplates having thespaces within the upper portions of the side walls, lower deck,clear-story wall and upper deck connected one with another so as toprovide a circulation space or communicating spaces into which heatedair from the interior of the car is introduced through one or moreopenings 26, preferably between the windows and the lower deck, and fromwhich air is discharged to the atmosphere through the ventilators 24.The outside sheathing of the upper deck is, of course, formed withopenings, designated 27, through which the air passes to theventilators. If desired, the inner sheathing of the upper deck may alsobe formed with openings 28 which are controlled by registers 29. Thelatter will ordinaril i be closed, or at least partially closed, uringthe period of the year that the car is artificially heated so that atleast some of the hot air in the car will be compelled to pass throughthe roof structure. During the summer months the registers may be leftentirely open if that is found more desirable. The means used forproviding the circulation passages through the roof structure of the carwill, of course, depend upon the particular arrangement of thestructural elements of the upper portion of the car. In the constructionillustrated in the drawings the channel members 30, which run the lengthof the car between the side walls and the lower deck 14, are formed withperforations 31. The carlines 15 of the lower deck have openings 32. Thecarlines 18 of the upper deck are also formed with openings designated33. The air from the spaces between the lower deck plates 13 and 14passes into the spaces in the clear-story through openings 34 in theouter sheathings 13 of the lower deck. The inner plates 17 of the up-)er deck are likewise formed with openings 35. It will be obvious thatany other suitable arrangement might be devised whereby the variousspaces between the inner and outer sheathings of the upper portion ofthe car are put into communication with each other. Preferably theopenings 26 are provided with registers 36.

Any suitable heating system might be em ployed in connection with thearrangements above described. I prefer, however, to use a heatingapparatus which will deliver a considerable volume of hot air into theaisle of the car. Apparatus of this sort is showrn in the drawings. 37is an air trunk or box which extends the length of the car in the cornerbetween one of the side walls and the floor 38. In the air trunk islocated a radiator 39 of any suitable character which is fed from thetrain line 40 by a feed pipe 41. 42 is a return pipe and 43 a vaporregulator; the system being shown as an atmospheric pressure systeminwhich the inflow of steam to the radiator is regulated automatically bythe thermostatic condition of the medium at the outlet. H is a fresh airduct arranged below the air trunk 37 and supplied with air throughintake pipes 45 provided at their outer ends with the usual air jacks46.

The air trunk is provided along its length with a series of dischargepipes 47, one being arranged preferably under each of the seats 48. Theair trunk 37 is put in communication with the fresh air duct 44 by aseries of ducts 49 which are preferably in staggered relation with thedischarge pipes 47 It will be understood that the heating apparatusabove described for one side of the car is ordinarily duplicated on theother side of the car.

The operation of the heating and vent lating system above described isas follows: The hot air delivered into the aisle of the car from pipes47 takes a diagonal course, as indicated by the arrows in Fig. 3, acro sthe seats 48 to the openings '26 in the inner sheathin 11 said openingsbeing arranged preferabl about the level of the tops oi the windows 25.The currents of air passing through the spaces between the inner andouter sheathings of the roof structure keep the inner sheathings orceiling plates of the car comparatively warm so that the danger of frostforming on the plates is eliminated. This circulation results not onlyfrom the levity of the heated air but also from the positive suctionproduced by the ventilators 24.

The deflection of the air currents from the aisle across the seats tothe side walls of the car of advantage also in producing a moreetlicient and equable heating of the car. \Vhere the arrangement is suchthat the hot air is delivered to the aisle and can thence pass directlyout of the car through openings in the roof, the aisles are likely to beoverheated and the seating portions of the car, particularly the regioninimediately adjacent the windows, are liable not to receive the properamount of heat. Moreover, by compelling the body of hot air delivered tothe aisles to find its exit from the car by divided and somewhatcircuitous paths, the heating of the car is accomplished moreeconomically than where the hot air can issue immediately to theatmosphere through openings in the roof. Where adequate heat is moreimportant than perfect ventilation, as in very severe weather, the upperregisters 29 may be closed entirely so that a body of hot air is trappedin the upper part of the car. Further regulation may be obtained bypartly closing the lower registers 36.

It. is fully realized that the invention might be utilized in differentways from the preferred arrangement shown and; described. I do not wish,therefore, to be understood as limiting the invention to the particularconstructions, arrangements and devices hereinabove specified except sofar as such limitations are specifically claimed in the claims appendedhereto.

I claim:

1. In combination, a railway car having the usual seats arranged onopposite sides so as to leave an aisle, the roof structure of whichcomprises inner and outer metal sheathings thereby providing an aircirculation space therebetween, said space being in communication withthe interior of the car above the seats and having outlets to theatmosphere through the roof of the car, a heating apparatus comprisingair trunks located along the side walls and floor of the car, dischargepipes extending under the seats to the aisle, and radiators in said airtrunks.

In combination, a railway car having the usual windows and seatsarranged along the side walls of the car so as to provide an aisle downthe middle, the side walls and roof structure of the car being formed byinner and outer sheathings spaced apart and providing communicatingcirculation spaces, the inner sheathings of the side walls beingforn'ied at points above the seats with inlet openings and the outersheathing of the roof with a series of openings along approximately thecenter hne of the roof, a heating apparatus, and means for deliveringheat into said aisle.

3. In a railway passenger car, the combination of side walls and roofcomposed of inner and outer sheathings whereby an air circulation spaceis provided, the side wall inner sheathing having an inlet openingintermediate of its height, and the root outer sheathing having anoutlet opening at its highest point, and means for delivering a currentof heated air into the car aisle near the floor.

4. In a passenger car, the combination of a side wall having windowopenings, a roof,

Copies 0! this patent may he pbtainerl for five cents each, byaddressing the the roof and the side wall above the window openingsbeing double sheathed, providing an air circulation space, the side wallinner sheathing having an air inlet opening near the upper extremity ofthe window opening, the roof outer sheathing having a protected openingnear the highest point of the roof, means for generating a current ofheated air, and means for delivering said heated air to a point near thelongitudinal center line of the car.

5. In a passenger car, the combination of a side wall having windowopenings, a root, the roof and the side wall above the window openingsbeing double sheathed, providing an air circulation space, the side wallinner sheathing having an air inlet opening near the upper extremity ofthe window opening, the root outer sheathing having a protected openingnear the highest point of the roof, means for generating a current ofheated air, and means for conducting the heated air horizontally alongthe floor of the car and delivering the air into the car at substantially the center thereof.

6. In combination, a railway passenger car, having a roof which iscomposed substantially entirely of double walls, the space between thewalls being substantially unobstructed, thereby providing for thecirculation of heated air over the surface of the inner wall the outerwall having discharge outlets near the center line of the car, the carside walls having air passages communicating with the space between theroof walls, said passages communicating with the interior of the car ata. point in termediate of the height of the side walls thereof, meansfor generating a current of heated air, and, means for conducting saidheated air to and delivering the same at points near the longitudinalcenter line of the car.

EGBERT H. GOLD.

\Vitnesses L. A. FALKENBERG, H. M. GILLnsPIn.

Gommissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. 0.

